What are the two response styles described by Nolen-Hoeksema? How are these response styles related to depression?
Answer:
Nolen-Hoeksema has proposed that the manner in which a person responds to the onset of a depressed mood influences its duration and severity. Ruminative styles involve responding to feelings of depression by turning attention inward, contemplating causes and implications of sadness. Distracting style involves diverting oneself from unpleasant mood by working on hobbies, playing sports, etc. People with ruminative style experience longer and more severe episodes of depression than do people with distracting style. Women tend to use the ruminative style.
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Herbert, the rat, is put in a cage that is chilly. He operates in the environment by moving around the cage and bar-pressing. He discovers that moving around and bar-pressing have no impact on the temperature of the cage or anything else. Soon, Herbert stops moving around the cage at all, and when the temperature could be controlled through bar-pressing, he doesn't figure it out. Herbert is
experiencing ____.? a. ?learned helplessness b. ?stimulus discrimination c. ?punishment d. ?negative reinforcement
Tyrel is only 5 years old. He is angry at his brother and is about to hit him when he stops. According to Lawrence Kohlberg, it is most likely that Tyrel did not hit his brother because he
a. respects the rules of the house. b. does not want to get into trouble. c. realizes that all human beings deserve to live without violence. d. wants to conform to the rules of the house.
A young woman returns from a day at the beach to find she has developed a severe sunburn. Which neurons are sending messages from her burned skin to her brain informing her of the pain from the burn?
a. afferent neurons b. efferent neurons c. interactive neurons d. motor neurons
The two subtypes of children in the rejected category are
A) rejected-aggressive and rejected-withdrawn. B) rejected-average and rejected-controversial. C) rejected-average and rejected-aggressive. D) rejected-withdrawn and rejected-controversial.