Explain the distinction between how a prime might trigger schema-consistent behavior and how a prime might trigger a preparation to interact with a person from a particular group
How did Cesario, Plaks, and Higgins (2006) examine this experimentally?
Cesario, et al., (2006) provided participants with photos of men that were labeled as "gay" or "straight" with an exposure of 11ms, which is well below conscious awareness of the stimuli. During the exposure trials, the computers would malfunction and the program would instruct the participant to seek out the experimenter. The male experimenter then acted in a hostile manner and the experimenters measured whether the participants with negative attitudes toward gay men would respond in a more hostile manner than those who had seen only straight men or participants who had positive attitudes. Their findings suggest that being primed with "gay" labeled photos did not activate a stereotype of gay men as passive/non-aggressive but rather activated an expectation of interaction with a disliked group, which led to more hostility toward a hostile experimenter. Thus, primes may not only bring to mind stereotype content and valence, but if the prime is associated with individuals or groups, may lead people to prepare to interact with those people. If the group is disliked, then this could lead to more hostile interactions, but it is also potentially the case that priming a liked group would lead to more favorable interactions.
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Suppose that you are working in a preschool setting. Based on Smith's research on preschoolers' treatment of other children, you would be most likely to observe that children
a. do not seem to notice whether or not their peers are attractive. b. consistently treat cute boys and girls more nicely than less attractive boys and girls. c. are nice to the cute boys and aggressive toward the less attractive boys. d. are nice to the cute girls and aggressive toward the less attractive girls.
All personality theories discuss _____ that are influential, to some degree, in shaping our personality
a. people c. predispositions b. factors d. constructs
The ethological theory of attachment
A) suggests that the infant's emotional tie to the mother is the foundation of all later relationships. B) recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival. C) emphasizes the importance of feeding as the central context in which caregivers and babies build close emotional bonds. D) suggests that infants learn to prefer their mother because she functions as both a primary caregiver and a social partner.
Michelle always enjoyed playing basketball and loved the sense of accomplishment she felt after winning a game. When she entered high school, her dad signed her up for the school basketball team and demanded that she play her best to win a college basketball scholarship. How will this likely affect Michelle's motivation to play basketball?
A. She will now be intrinsically motivated to play. B. She will be equally as motivated to play as before. C. She will now be less motivated to play. D. She will now play to maintain homeostasis.