A nursing instructor is teaching students about different surgical procedures and their classifications. Which examples does the instructor include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Hemicolectomy: diagnostic
b. Liver biopsy: diagnostic
c. Mastectomy: restorative
d. Spinal cord decompression: palliative
e. Total shoulder replacement: restorative
ANS: B, E
A diagnostic procedure is used to determine cell type of cancer and to determine the cause of a problem. An example is a liver biopsy. A restorative procedure aims to improve functional ability. An example would be a total shoulder replacement or a spinal cord decompression (not palliative). A curative procedure either removes or repairs the causative problem. An example would be a mastectomy (not restorative) or a hemicolectomy (not diagnostic). A palliative procedure relieves symptoms but will not cure the disease. An example is an ileostomy. A cosmetic procedure is done to improve appearance. An example is rhinoplasty (a "nose job").
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