A health care provider suspects a female client (who has had vague complaints over the past several months) may be developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which clinical manifestations would correlate with this diagnosis? Select all that apply
A) Arthralgia
B) Tendon rupture
C) Facial hair growth
D) Uncontrolled hypertension related to pyelonephritis
E) Chest pain that increases with each deep breath
Ans: A, B, E
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Arthralgias and arthritis are among the most commonly occurring early symptoms of SLE. Pulmonary involvement is manifested primarily by pleural effusions and/or pleuritis. Pleural effusions are typically small, bilateral, and exudative. Up to 50% of persons with SLE develop pleuritis (chest pain that increases with each deep breath), which is manifested by pleuritic chest pain. Later manifestations include rupture of the Achilles tendons, hair loss, and forms of glomerulonephritis (rather than pyelonephritis).
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