A nurse is assessing a child with an unrepaired ventricular septal defect. Which heart sound does the nurse expect to assess?
a. S3
b. S4
c. Murmur
d. Physiologic splitting
ANS: C
Murmurs are the sounds that are produced in the heart chambers or major arteries from the back-and-forth flow of blood. These are the sounds expected to be heard in a child with a ventricular septal defect because of the abnormal opening between the ventricles. S3 is a normal heart sound sometimes heard in children. S4 is rarely heard as a normal heart sound. If heard, medical evaluation is required. Physiologic splitting is the distinction of the two sounds in S2, which widens on inspiration. It is a significant normal finding.
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