What have recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrated?
a. The gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities - such as relative strength, endurance, and intelligence.
b. Women are subservient in nearly all societies because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men.
c. Foraging, horticultural, pastoral, and industrial societies all have similar attitudes toward gender roles.
d. The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy.
e. Changes in the gender roles of men and women are usually associated with social decay and anarchy.
Ans: b. Women are subservient in nearly all societies because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men.
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A. Europe. B. Africa. C. Asia. D. Mesoamerica.
Why is religion itself so difficult to define?
a. It does not actually exist, so there is nothing tangible to study. b. It cannot be approached through a scientific point of view and is not a subject for scientists. c. It is so varied that there is no way to fully understand another religion. d. It is embedded in the total social structure and difficult to distinguish. e. So much of religion occurs within the individual that it cannot be studied as a single phenomenon.
In the example provided at the beginning of the chapter, why did the business meetings break down between the U.S. and Japanese golfing companies? a. Each company had a different distribution system and they were not able to combine their companies. b. There were cultural communication miscues and the Japanese did not see the Americans as serious orrespectful
c. The joint venture was based on future sales probabilities and the market crashed in the middle of thenegotiations. d. Because of tariffs and taxes, neither company would be able to make a profit internationally. e. The Japanese and Americans disagreed on the terms of the contract.
If religious belief reflects the structure of society, in which types of society would you expect to find widespread belief in ancestral spirits?
a. Those in which descent groups play a major role in social organization b. Those that have a disproportionately large number of old people c. Those that have a disproportionately large number of young people d. Those in which neolocal marital residence is the rule e. Those with egocentric systems such as the kindred