Compare the learning-theory and nativist approaches to language development. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Students' answers may vary.

The answer should contain the following information:

Learning theory: The theory suggests that language is acquired through reinforcement-parents shape their children's successive approximations to adult language. The more parents speak to their children, the more proficient the children become in their native language. However, in reality, adults reinforce incorrect language use by their children just as often as they reinforce correct use, calling into question the central role of shaping in the theory.

Nativist theory: Associated with Noam Chomsky, the nativist approach to language development suggests that humans have an innate capacity to acquire language that unfolds as a result of biological maturation. All the world's languages share a common underlying structure called a universal grammar. The brain has a neural system called the language-acquisition device that allows us to acquire this universal grammar as well as develop strategies for learning our particular language. Neuroscientists have identified brain areas closely involved in language; in addition, genes have been identified that contribute to language acquisition. Critics of the nativist approach suggest that the ability of nonhuman animals-e.g., chimpanzees-to acquire language argues against such uniquely human constructs as a universal grammar and a language-acquisition device.