The effects of repeated testing represent a threat to internal validity primarily because
A) participants get bored.
B) the researcher gets tired of giving the same test over and over.
C) of regression to the mean.
D) participants may gain proficiency through repeated practice.
Answer: D
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Why is it sometimes difficult for top officials to motivate government employees to take action and make changes?
a. It is easy for employees to be fired under the merit system. b. Decisions are made at the operating level and are not communicated upward. c. Bureaucracies tend to change slowly and in an incremental fashion. d. Adequate resources, experience, and structural support lead to lower employee morale.
Presidents with high levels of __________ are more powerful leaders
a. public approval b. executive privilege c. debts and deficits d. campaign spending
__________ broke new ground in expanding executive power by ordering drone strikes that caused the deaths of some 3,000 people, including four American citizens
a. President Barack Obama b. President Bill Clinton c. President George H. W. Bush d. President George W. Bush
__________ can lead or tamper with public opinion
A) Protests B) Elections C) Interest groups D) The church