Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Expectancies are mental representations of event contingencies.
2. A behavior-reinforcement belief expectancy contains knowledge of the contiguity between two events.
3. Neurons in the prefrontal cortex encode the motivational and reinforcing properties of cues leading to reinforcement-seeking behavior.
4. The role of response by habit rather than expectation is called behavioral autonomy.
5. Seligman developed the concept of learned helplessness.
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
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In Freud's theory, unconscious, threatening thoughts and feelings lead to:
A. unresolved sexual conflicts B. anxiety, fear, and psychological problems C. changes in the cerebellum D. an inability to self-actualize
Which treatment focuses on muscle relaxation to reduce the anxiety associated with phobias?
a. systematic desensitization b. antidepressants c. cognitive restructuring d. modeling
"I'm interested in whether playing classical music while studying has a positive effect on test scores." The most appropriate way to find out is to:
A. do introspection B. ask a person who gets good grades how they study C. do a survey D. conduct an experiment
What is the name of the statistic that ranges from 0 to 1.00 and is used to estimate the degree to which genes are responsible for differences among people from a specific population?
a. genetic correlation b. heritability estimate c. concordance rate d. chromosomal correction