Summarize Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1979, and 1992) advocacy for the ecological model as it relates to early childhood special education. What is his overall argument? Do you agree with his argument? Why or why not?
What will be an ideal response?
Bronfenbrenner argues that a developing child cannot be viewed (or understood) in isolation. Instead, we need to examine the larger social systems to which the child belongs (e.g., home, school, community, larger social systems). Bronfenbrenner identified four important environments in which children develop: (1) microsystems, (2) ecosystems, (3) ecosystems, and (4) microsystems. He also suggested that historical time (chronosystems) can also impact children's development. He ultimately argued that successful early intervention/education must take into consideration all of these systems because systems influence children's development in both big and small ways. Students’ answers will vary on the last part of the question, but most students will most likely discuss why they agree with Bronfenbrenner's approach due to his holistic approach of viewing a child in the context of all major influencers in his or her life.
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