The recombinant virus assay (RVA) uses which type of amplification methodology?
a. Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)
b. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)
c. Strand displacement amplification (SDA)
d. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
D
A phenotypic type of susceptibility testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the RVA. This assay is used to test HIV-1 isolates to nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. RVA uses RT-PCR amplification of RT and protease (PR) gene coding sequences directly from the patient's plasma.
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In which one of the following ways does a proto-oncogene differ from an oncogene?
A) Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that regulate the expression of structural genes; oncogenes code for nucleic acids involved in cell division. B) Proto-oncogenes control normal cell division; oncogenes contribute to the development of cancer. C) When oncogenes become damaged, they become proto-oncogenes. D) Oncogenes activate tumor suppressor genes; proto-oncogenes repress tumor suppressor genes. E) Proto-oncogenes cause cells to self-destruct when damaged; oncogenes cause damaged cells to repair themselves.
Biological diversity is composed of what three levels?
A. genetic; species; and ecosystem diversity B. genetic; function; and process diversity C. ecosystem; species; and process diversity D. trophic; ecosystem; and species diversity
Organisms that are radially symmetrical have ________ embryonic germ layers
A) two B) three C) four D) five E) six
In which of the following kingdoms are mitochondria not present in organisms?
A. Protista B. Plantae C. Archaea D. Animalia E. Fungi