Requirements that can be enforced by legal and civil penalties are referred to as ______.
A. crossover sanctions
B. direct orders
C. partial preemption
D. crosscutting requirements
Answer: B
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The amount that divides the income distribution into two equal groups is defined as the ________
A. mean income B. net income C. gross income D. median income E. total income
Which of the following is NOT one of the most common criticisms of the news media?
a. Large conglomerates such the Tribune Company risk monopolizing the news outlets. b. Private ownership means that profits are the primary goal, which results in truth and responsibility becoming secondary. c. Increased profit-seeking increases the likelihood of sensationalism. d. News outlets tend to be politically biased, and that bias shows in their programming and reporting. e. News media have a right to report on personal matters of the president if those events have a public impact.
All of the following conclusions concerning the effects of descriptive representation are true EXCEPT ______.
a. the poor suffer in the distribution of goods and services because they are badly underrepresented b. African Americans and women have gained symbolically from greater representation in Congress c. African Americans and women have clearly gained substantively from greater representation in Congress d. the primary effect of descriptive representation appears to be to bring neglected perspectives to the legislative process e. partisan identification is often more important than race or gender in determining the policy positions a representative will support
Which of the following contributes to an individual's political socialization?
a. family b. school c. peer groups d. media e. all of the above