Olds and Milner (1954) discovered that rats would work very hard to obtain
a. food
b. water.
c. social interaction with other rats.
d. electrical stimulation of the brain.
d
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For which of the following situations would a repeated-measures research design be appropriate?
a. Comparing mathematical skills for girls versus boys at age 10 b. Comparing pain tolerance with and without acupuncture needles c. Comparing self-esteem for students who participate in school athletics versus those who do not d. Comparing verbal solving skills for science majors versus art majors at a college
Freud found that the free association method ____
a. ?operated freely b. ?did not always operate freely because of resistance c. ?was identical with dream analysis d. ?required catharsis of strangulated affect e. ?did not occur during countertransference
Damage to the amygdala impairs ____
a. motor coordination b. circadian rhythms c. learned fears d. language comprehension
How are the terms demand characteristics and experimenter expectancy related to each other?
a. When experimenters clearly prefer participants who have certain cognitive characteristics, the experimenters expect them to perform especially well. b. If the participants are especially demanding or difficult, the experimenter tends to have lower expectations about their performance. c. It is unethical for an experimenter to have certain expectations, just as it is unethical for participants to make demand characteristics. d. The experimenter's expectancy about a study's results may be one kind of demand characteristic.