A client's blood pressure suddenly falls from 120/80 to 90/60. Which of the following is a major role of the kidney in this situation?
1. Increasing hydrostatic pressure
2. Release of renin
3. Increasing glomerular filtration rate
4. Dilation of renal vessels
2
Rationale 1: Increasing hydrostatic pressure is not a major role of the kidneys in response to a sudden decrease in system blood pressure.
Rationale 2: The kidneys produce and release the enzyme renin to assist in regulation of blood pressure. This is achieved by the drop in systemic blood pressure triggering the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin. Renin acts on angiotensinogen to release angiotensin I, which is in turn converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II activates vascular smooth muscle throughout the body, causing systemic blood pressure to rise.
Rationale 3: Glomerular filtration rate is a test used to check kidney function. It estimates how much blood passes through glomeruli each minute.
Rationale 4: Dilation of renal vessels is not a major role of the kidneys in response to a sudden decrease in system blood pressure.
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