Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy are both characterized by the appearance of:
A) Macular edema
B) Cloudy corneas
C) Microinfarctions
D) Intraretinal hemorrhages
Ans: D
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Diabetic (background) retinopathy involves thickening of the retinal capillary walls, ruptured capillaries, microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool exudates, and microinfarcts. Decreased vision in persons with background retinopathy is commonly due to macular edema secondary to leakage of plasma from the small macular blood vessels. Chronic systemic hypertension results in intraretinal arteriole thickening, reduced capillary perfusion pressure, microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool exudates, and edema. Malignant hypertension causes localized optic disk edema (papilledema) produced by escaped fluid. Cloudy corneas are characteristic of anterior chamber disorders rather than retinopathy.
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