Describe how a fear of dogs may develop in a child based on behavioral and parental factors
What will be an ideal response?
• Behavioral – behavior is learned through direct conditioning, modeling, and/or instruction or information. Any reasonable response that reflects one of these three factors.
• Parental – interaction between parent, child, and relationship; types of parenting could include overprotective/overcontrolling and negative/critical parenting as well as intrusive and controlling parenting; insecure attachments as well as parental psychopathology could be factors. Any reasonable response that reflects some of these factors.
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Researchers found that 3- to 5-year-old transgender children whose parents accepted their gender identity __________.
A. showed toy and playmate preferences that were in line with their biological sex B. showed toy and playmate preferences that were in line with their expressed gender identity C. nevertheless did not dress in clothes corresponding to their expressed gender D. did not believe that gender identity could change over time
One negative factor to consider regarding breast-feeding is that
a. breast milk can transmit HIV and environmental hazards, such as PCBs, to the infant. b. breast-feeding has been shown to increase mothers' responses to stress. c. breast-feeding increases the risk of early breast cancer. d. there are no negative factors associated with breast-feeding.
Extrinsic motivation in the form of increased salaries and bonuses tend to increase
a. the quality of the employees' work. b. the likelihood of the employees solving problems and coming up with innovative ideas. c. the amount of work done. d. all of these.
Descriptive methods yield characterizations of behavior but not necessarily causal explanations
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.