When victims were the focus of the justice “system,” these two principles guided most proceedings when an offender was determined guilty.

A. rehabilitation and community service
B. retribution and restitution
C. restoration and restitution
D. deterrence and rehabilitation


B. retribution and restitution

Criminal Justice

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The Bell Curve refuted the findings from the book Crime and Human Nature. 2.Darnell Hawkins’s theory, proposed as an alternative to the subculture of violence theory, argues that history has nothing to do with current violence in African American communities. 3.Scholars have found support for Donohue and Levitt’s thesis about abortion and crime rates by applying it to other places, like England and Wales. 4.The connection between biology and behavior has become a more accepted area of study within criminology.

Criminal Justice

Part B of the preceding question is known as what type of question?

a. Open-ended b. Filter c. Contingent d. Likert-type

Criminal Justice

Formally charging a suspect with a crime does not automatically flow from an arrest.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

Most felony crimes are for nonviolent offenses

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice