According to the feature box, "The Game, the Rules, the Players: African American Politics in Historical Perspective," report on the three distinct types of political response to the imposition of segregation that grew out of Reconstruction

Question

Paraphrase what political economist Albert Otto Hirschman refers to as "exit, voice, and loyalty."

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Answer:
An ideal response will:
1. Discuss the different responses of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois to issues of civil rights.
2. Detail the accommodation to segregation response of Washington whose hopes for black America lay in a program of self-help through education. Washington urged his students to stay in the South, acquire land, and build homes, thereby helping eliminate ignorance and poverty and in effect, making the best of segregation.
3. Describe W.E.B. Du Bois as the leader of the group who organized in support of a declaration of black resistance and protest and resorted to legal action. With other black intellectuals he drew up the Niagara Statement to sear the consciences of white Americans with a list of major injustices perpetrated against African Americans since Reconstruction. He was a founder of the NAACP.
4. Describe how, during World War I, blacks migrated to the North to fill labor shortages, concentrated in central cities, and found they could politically mobilize.
5. Recognize that Hirschman meant that, given a choice of alternatives when there is decay in the quality of policy provided or of organizational quality, people in the group can leave (exit), they can protest and attempt to create a better outcome, or they can mitigate their effort to change things and accept the status quo.