The nurse is caring for an intubated child on mechanical ventilation. What interventions should the nurse implement to prevent ventilator-assisted pneumonia (VAP)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Routine oral hygiene
b. Appropriate hand hygiene
c. Limit oropharyngeal suctioning of secretions
d. Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees
e. Wearing gloves to handle respiratory secretions
ANS: A, B, D, E
Critically ill children on mechanical ventilation are at risk for acquisition of VAP. To prevent VAP, recommendations for nurses working with mechanically ventilated patients include appropriate hand hygiene measures; wearing gloves to handle respiratory secretions or contaminated objects; elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees; and routine oral hygiene, which includes oropharyngeal suctioning of secretions.
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