Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to confirm a suspected diagnosis of breast cancer?
1. Mammogram
2. Ultrasound
3. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
4. CA 15-3
3
1. Incorrect. Mammography is a clinical screening tool that may aid in early detection of breast cancers.
2. Incorrect. Transillumination, thermography, and ultrasound breast imaging are being ex-plored as methods to detect early breast carcinoma.
3. Correct. When a suspicious mammogram is noted or a lump is detected, diagnosis is confirmed by FNA, core needle biopsy, or needle localization biopsy.
4. Incorrect. CA-15 is a serum tumor marker that is used to test for residual disease.
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When caring for a client who has had a subarachnoid hemorrhage, the nurse should focus nursing interventions to prevent:
1. aphasia. 2. seizures. 3. meningitis. 4. rebleeding.
A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis is demonstrating signs of respiratory distress. What physiologic rationale would the nurse explain for this change in respiratory assessment?
1. Pancreatic enzymes can destroy a component of surfactant. 2. Increase in the size of the abdomen may cause atelectasis. 3. Increased intracranial pressure from pancreatic damage reduces neurological control of respiratory rate and depth. 4. Inflammation of the diaphragm may result in pleural effusion. 5. Lung damage may occur from factors released systemically.
An African-American client tells the nurse of plans to bask in the sun on an upcoming vacation. The nurse questions the client about sunscreen use. Which of the following responses indicates the need for further education?
1. "The melanocytes in my subcutaneous tissue will protect me from sun damage.". 2. "I will avoid the sun between the peak hours of 10 am and 4 pm. 3. "Sunscreen is important to wear during all daytime hours.". 4. "I can still experience sun damage despite my dark skin tones.".
A client is complaining that her 68-year-old mother has retired as a chemist and is no longer sticking to the day-to-day routines and would rather play bridge almost every day
Based on the data collected by the nurse, what is the best advice to the client at this time? A) Tell the client that her mother is choosing activities that can continue for many years of retirement. B) Encourage the client to talk with her mother about family and social responsibilities. C) Explain to the client that it is important to make her mother maintain a routine for health reasons. D) Advise her to seriously consider sending her mother to an assisted living facility.