Summarize the contributions of Binet, Terman, and Wechsler to the evolution of intelligence testing
What will be an ideal response?
Alfred Binet devised a test to identify mentally subnormal children in France. The scale was a success because it was inexpensive, easy to administer, objective, and capable of predicting children's performance in school by expressing the child's score in terms of "mental age.". Lewis Terman and his colleagues at Stanford University revised and expanded Binet's work, leading to the development of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the calculation of the Intelligence Quotient, or IQ, score. Terman also became a key force behind the adoption of IQ tests by American schools.
Terman's IQ was defined as the ratio of mental age divided by chronological age. David Wechsler set out to improve on the measurement of intelligence in adults. His changes resulted in two major innovations: the scales were less dependent on the subject's verbal abilities than the Stanford-Binet test, and he discarded IQ in favor of a new scoring scheme based on the normal distribution.
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Matthew sees that one of his kindergarten classmates is unhappy today because nobody is playing with him. Matthew walks over to his classmate and asks if they can play together, which they do until the teacher calls for music time. Matthew's actions demonstrate ____ behavior
a. mediating b. centralized c. altruistic d. prosocial
Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the power of:
a. operant conditioning. c. direct reinforcement. b. modeling. d. trial-and-error behavior.
Which statement about the role of missing evidence in decision making is TRUE?
A) People have a natural tendency to seek out informational gaps in order to arrive at the best possible decision. B) People usually overvalue the importance of missing evidence. C) People usually ignore missing evidence. D) People have a strong tendency to actively seek missing information if what is missing would challenge their existing beliefs.
The purpose of a control group is to
A. have a group with the greatest control over effects of the experiment. B. have a group that counteracts the effects of the independent variable on the experimental group. C. have a comparison group that does not undergo any experimental procedures. D. have a comparison group that is exposed to everything except the independent variable.