In the case study involving the phylogeny of whales, ________
A) molecular data and fossil data are in conflict with each other
B) molecular data confirmed what was already known from the fossil record: whales are cetaceans
C) fossil discoveries confirmed what molecular data already suggested: whales are cetaceans
D) both molecular and fossil data are inconclusive
C
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Pores of the outer membrane of bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts that are less specific and are formed by multipass transmembrane proteins are called ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Restriction enzymes are useful in creating recombinant DNA molecules because they
A) generate "sticky ends" by cutting at the same sequence in any DNA source. B) are found only in human cells, where they naturally mend broken DNA strands. C) are used to encapsulate and transport foreign DNA into cells of the target organism. D) stimulate DNA amplification so that the desired cells or their products can be scaled up.
Which of these statements is not true for bacterial capsules?
A) For Streptococcus pneumoniae, the encapsulated strain is more virulent. B) Pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria can produce capsules. C) The importance of the capsule to virulence for Streptococcus pneumoniae can be determined because there are strains both with and without the capsule. D) Capsules related to virulence are produced by the causative agents of anthrax and bubonic plague. E) Antibodies produced against a capsule cannot affect whether disease will occur.
To estimate a difference-in-differences it requires that one has a:
A. time series. B. cross-sectional data set. C. selected sample. D. panel data set.