Compare and contrast viral neutralization and viral hemagglutination tests.
What will be an ideal response?
Viral neutralization tests detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies in patient serum specific for a suspect virus. Patient serum is mixed with a solution of test virus and the mixture is added to a culture of susceptible cells. If the serum contains anti-viral neutralizing antibodies the virus will infect few or none of the susceptible cells (positive result). If the serum does not contain neutralizing antibodies, the virus will infect and kill cells, and the damage and destruction of the cells (cytopathic effect) will be visible (negative result).
Viral hemagglutination tests can be used to detect antibodies against viruses that do not produce cytopathic effects. Many viruses can clump red blood cells-hemagglutination-and infections with hemagglutinating viruses can be diagnosed with this alternative test. Patient serum is mixed with the test virus then mixed with red blood cells. If the RBCs clump, the serum did not contain antibodies against the test virus (negative result). No RBC agglutination indicates the serum contained antibodies against the virus (positive result).
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