The nurse suspects that the client has a bladder infection based on the client's exhibiting an early sign or symptom such as:
1. Chills
2. Hematuria
3. Flank pain
4. Incontinence
ANS: 2
Irritation to the bladder and urethral mucosa results in blood-tinged urine (hematuria). Hematuria is a sign of a bladder infection. Chills are a more systemic symptom associated with pyelonephri-tis. Flank pain is a more systemic symptom associated with pyelonephritis. Incontinence is not a symptom of a bladder infection.
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