A male client with a diagnosis of liver cancer has been recently admitted to a palliative care unit following his recent development of bone metastases
His family shares with the nurse that even though he is usually a "big eater," he just isn't interested in food. This has resulted in a loss of muscle mass. Which of the following factors may underlie the client's change in nutritional status?
A) The action of cytokines and persistent inflammation
B) Loss of appetite due to fatigue and pain
C) Changes in peptide hormone levels
D) Production of onconeural antigens by cancerous cells
Ans: A
Feedback:
Cancer anorexia–cachexia syndrome is thought to result from a persistent inflammatory response in conjunction with production of specific cytokines and catabolic factors by the tumor. The weight loss often supersedes the effects of fatigue and reduced food intake. The production of onconeural antigens and changes in peptide hormone levels occur in some clients with cancer, but these pathophysiologic processes do not contribute directly to cancer anorexia–cachexia syndrome.
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