Which of the following statements concerning horizontal gene transfer is most correct?
a. Horizontal gene transfer only occurs in bacteria.
b. Horizontal gene transfer occurs through sexual reproduction.
c. Horizontal gene transfer has had a major effect on the evolution of life on Earth.
d. Horizontal gene transfer has been extremely rare in all lineages.
e. Horizontal gene transfer is a hypothetical phenomenon for which there is no actual evidence.
Answer: c. Horizontal gene transfer has had a major effect on the evolution of life on Earth.
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In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by
A. osmosis of macromolecules. B. Pi transfer through the plasma membrane. C. a difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. D. the Na+/K+ pump. E. large quantities of ADP.
In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in which of the following locations?
a. Cytoplasm b. Mitochondria c. Centrosome d. Golgi apparatus
Gymnosperms are characterized by producing "naked seeds." Which of the following groups is NOT classified as a gymnosperm?
A. ginkgoes B. horsetails C. cycads D. conifers E. gnetophytes
A needlestick is an example of which portal of entry?
a. Skin b. Parenteral route c. Mucous membranes d. All of these e. None of these