Test the validity of the argument. Tell and show why the argument is valid or invalid.If Hal did all of his homework, he received a grade of A or B. Hal received a B. Thus Hal did all of his homework.

What will be an ideal response?


Let h = "Hall did all of his homework"
 a = "Hal received a grade of A"
 b = "Hal received a grade of B"

If the argument is valid, the implication is a tautology. The only time that the implication could be false is if the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. Consider the case where a and b, are true and h is false, and fill in the truth values in evaluating the statement.
[(h ? (a ? b)) ? b] ? h

  F TT TF F
(1) (4)(2)(3) (6)(5)
This leads to a true hypothesis (4) implicating a false conclusion (5): false (6). The implication is not a tautology and the argument is invalid.

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