In which cells would you expect to find the highest level of telomerase?
A. muscle cells
B. adipose tissue cells
C. neurons
D. cells that replenish the lining of the gut
Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
· What type of thinking is required?
· What key words does the question contain?
Gather Content
· What do you already know about telomeres and telomerase?
Consider Possibilities
· What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
· Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
D. cells that replenish the lining of the gut
Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
o This question addresses the function of telomerase.
· What type of thinking is required?
o This answer requires you to weigh and judge evidence – to Evaluate – and choose the best of the possible answers.
· What key words does the question contain?
o Telomerase is an enzyme that creates telomeres on the ends of DNA.
Gather Content
· What do you already know about telomeres and telomerase?
o Telomeres are short repeated sequences of DNA, which are found at the tips of each chromosome.
o They are made by an enzyme called telomerase, which uses an internal RNA as a template and not the DNA itself.
o Telomeres serve to cap off the end of the DNA, protecting it and preventing the molecule from getting shorter in every replication (due to the usual need for a primer).
Consider Possibilities
· What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
o A gradual shortening of the ends of chromosomes occurs in the absence of telomerase activity. This is part of the reason cells senesce, or eventually age and die.
o During embryonic and childhood development in humans, telomerase activity is high, but it is low in most somatic cells of the adult.
o The exceptions are cells that must divide as part of their function, such as lymphocytes.
Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
o So what cells must divide multiple times during the life of an adult?
o Not neurons, which do not divide. Not muscle cells. Not fat cells (adipose tissue).
o But cells that replenish the gut lining do divide multiple times, and therefore you could expect high levels of telomerase.
Reflect on Process
· Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
o This question required you to weigh and judge evidence – to Evaluate – and choose the best of the possible answers.
o Did you remember that telomerase acts to build telomeres on newly replicated DNA?
o Did you recognize that you should pick the cell type that undergoes rounds of cell division?
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A baby is born without the ability to make chief cells. What would be the best type of diet for this baby?
A. a low-fat diet B. a diet low in minerals and vitamins C. a diet low in complex carbohydrates such as starch D. a diet low in protein E. a diet low in simple sugars such as glucose and fructose Clarify Question · What is the key concept addressed by the question? · What type of thinking is required? Gather Content · What do you know about the function of chief cells? What other information is related to the question? Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer? Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
Solution that contains a lower solute (more water) concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell; causes cell to gain water by osmosis.
What will be an ideal response?
Lateral buds tend to stay dormant when:
A) conditions are favorable for leaf growth. B) healthy apical meristems produce hormones that suppress their growth. C) damaged apical meristems produce hormones that suppress their growth. D) root growth is rapid.