Describe the three main classes of diuretic hormones found in insects
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: 1) Insect myokinins are short peptide hormones that act on the stellate cells of the Malpighian tubules. They activate phospholipase C, which increases production of IP3, which causes the release of Ca2+. The increased concentration of Ca2+ results in Cl- transport into the lumen. This movement of Ca2+causes the parallel movement of Na+ and Cl-, which then leads to a net movement of NaCl and KCl from the hemolymph into the lumen.
2) Cardioacceleratory peptides increase heart rate and stimulate secretion of fluids into the Malpighian tubules. These hormones stimulate phospholipase C, which increases production of IP3and release ofCa2+.The Ca2+ activates the Ca2+calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase and guanylyl cyclase, which results in the increase of H+ ATPase activity.
3) Fifteen different CRE-related diuretic hormones are found in insects. These hormones stimulate synthesis of cAMP in Malpighian tubule cells, which stimulates cation transport at the basal and apical regions of the principal cells.
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This joint of the body has the greatest range of movement
A) hip B) knee C) shoulder D) elbow
The zygomatic process is located on the __________ bone.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).