Tolman's views on learning differed from those of Skinner in that Tolman believed:
A) reinforcement is dependent on the formation of stimulus–stimulus associations.
B) a reinforcer directly strengthens the response that produces it.
C) the environmental context can influence whether or not a behaviour will occur.
D) organisms develop means–ends expectancies as a result of operant conditioning.
D) organisms develop means–ends expectancies as a result of operant conditioning.
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Lemmy has been told by his doctor that he is experiencing __________, due to hair cell destruction caused by long-term, high-volume use of individual audio devices.
A. sensorineural hearing loss B. tinnitus C. conductive hearing loss D. transient hearing loss
In an experiment with two independent variables, the occurrence of an interaction means that
a. the experiment was poorly designed. b. there was a ceiling effect. c. the effect of one independent variable was different at different levels of the other independent variable d. the effect of one independent variable was the same at all levels of the other independent variable.
Which of the following behaviors seems to reduce the risk of an adolescent developing an eating disorder?
genetic testing vitamin supplementation the family sharing meals together exercise
What is the principle that indicates that after about 50 doublings, cells lose their ability to replicate?
a. Hayflick limit b. cell limit c. replication limit d. HELA limit