Distinguish between statistical and clinical significance. Provide a hypothetical example of an effect that is statistically but not clinically significant or vice versa.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Statistical significance refers to the probability that an effect was observed by chance. Clinical significance refers to the applicability or practicality of a study outcome. Example: A researcher may find that 5 hours of daily exercise leads to a measureable and statistically significant reduction in depression symptoms. However, this result is not clinically significant because it is unlikely that anyone can exercise that much on a daily basis.
Learning Objective: 3.4 Identify the steps in designing an experimental study.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Clinical and Statistical Significance
Difficulty Level: Medium
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