An 18-year-old female is diagnosed with dysmenorrhea. Which of the following symptoms will she most likely experience?
a. Absence of menstruation
b. Painful menstruation
c. Unusually long menstrual period
d. Menstrual irregularity
ANS: B
Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles. Absence of menstruation is referred to as amenorrhea. Dysfunctional bleeding would describe both unusually long and irregular menstrual periods.
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