What are three ways to determine effect size? Which is preferred, and why?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: There are many ways to determine how many participants you need in a sample. There are questions concerning the accuracy of the answer needed as well as effect size. Effect size is defined as essentially the size of the difference between the two groups. A large effect size indicates that the population distributions reflected in the samples have relatively little overlap. In general, in such situations, fewer participants are needed to detect a true difference than when the overlap is greater. For high levels of power, either the effect sizes or the samples need to be large. Therefore, it is important to establish effect size. Howell points to three routes. First, the author can consult existing literature. Second, the researcher can make a decision about the magnitude of difference between the mean under the null hypothesis and the mean under the alternate hypothesis that would be considered important. Third, there are conventions accepted in the literature. The second one is preferred because it is based on the specific hypothesis and the specific sample.
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