Which statement is an example of a demand characteristic in everyday life?
A) Professor Emanuel is much more passionate and engaging with his class when he knows that his teaching is being evaluated.
B) Alfreda turns down dessert because she is trying to lose weight as part of an overall plan to improve her health.
C) Rick takes a new running route because it is flatter and his knees have been hurting him in recent weeks.
D) Leanna signs up for courses outside her major that she feels will make her better prepared for graduate school.
A) Professor Emanuel is much more passionate and engaging with his class when he knows that his teaching is being evaluated.
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In his Stanford Prison study, Zimbardo found that
a. situational factors have a powerful impact on social behavior. b. group size is an important factor in conformity. c. collectivistic cultures tend to encourage more conformity than individualistic cultures. d. Subjects who are exposed to severe stress develop emotional scars.
Chapter 3 discussed a study in which people in a laboratory setting were instructed to pay close attention to one message and to ignore a second message that mentioned their own name. According to your textbook,
a. about one-third of the time, people noticed their name in the irrelevant message. b. people almost always noticed their name in the irrelevant message. c. people almost always noticed their name in the relevant message, but they almost never noticed their name in the irrelevant message. d. people were much more likely to notice their name in the irrelevant message than they would in a situation that has high ecological validity.
One finding from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) was that:
a. events that happened at school or home were rated as the most stressful. b. people tend to perceive their own stressful events as more severe than they are perceived by a noninvolved rater. c. most people did not report any stressors on the days studied, perhaps caused by social desirability of talking directly to the interviewer. d. the least common stressors were interpersonal tensions.
Which statement about producing narratives is true?
A. Compared to East Asian children, Western children produce narratives with more talk about their own thoughts and emotions. B. Compared to East Asian children, Western children produce narratives that place greater emphasis on the roles of others. C. Girls tend to produce less organized personal narratives than boys. D. Girls tend to produce less detailed personal narratives than boys.