During a history examination, a patient tells the nurse, "The cardiologist says I have a leaking valve." The nurse documents that the patient has a history of
a. acute mitral regurgitation. c. chronic mitral regurgitation.
b. aortic insufficiency. d. pericardial friction rub.
B
Aortic insufficiency is an incompetent aortic valve. If the valve cusps do not maintain this seal, the sound of blood flowing back into the left ventricle during diastole is heard as a decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing murmur. A pericardial friction rub is a sound that can occur within 2 to 7 days after a myocardial infarction. The friction rub results from pericardial inflammation (pericarditis). Classically, a pericardial friction rub is a grating or scratching sound that is both systolic and diastolic, corresponding to cardiac motion within the pericardial sac. Acute mitral regurgitation occurs when the ventricle contracts during systole and a jet of blood is sent in a retrograde manner to the left atrium, causing a sudden increase in left atrial pressure, acute pulmonary edema, and low CO and leading to cardiogenic shock. Chronic mitral regurgitation is auscultated in the mitral area and occurs during systole. It is high pitched and blowing, although the pitch and intensity vary, depending on the degree of regurgitation. As mitral regurgitation progresses, the murmur radiates more widely.
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1. Anesthetic gases are used 2. Heating appliances are used 3. People are incapacitated 4. Children have access to matches 5.
Choose problems in the workplace occurring because of bullying behavior. Select all that apply
1. Increased turnover in the organization 2. Increased client satisfaction on the unit 3. Increased litigation against the organization 4. Decreased sick call-ins on the unit 5. Decreased job satisfaction 6. Decreased nurse recruitments
A woman gave birth 48 hours ago to a healthy infant girl. She has decided to bottle-feed. During your assessment you notice that both of her breasts are swollen, warm, and tender on palpation
The woman should be advised that this condition can best be treated by: a. Running warm water on her breasts during a shower. b. Applying ice to the breasts for comfort. c. Expressing small amounts of milk from the breasts to relieve pressure. d. Wearing a loose-fitting bra to prevent nipple irritation.
A nurse on duty in the pediatric ward notices an unidentified person carrying a baby in her arms. The baby is dressed in hospital garb. What immediate action should the nurse take?
A) Notify the facility's security personnel. B) Alert the supervisor and call "Code Pink." C) Report to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). D) Notify the local police.