As a nurse working in the newborn nursery and intensive care unit, when an infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive, which of the following statements about hormones' effect on the body will the nurse explain to the family?
A) The catecholamine norepinephrine is primarily responsible for the failure to thrive.
B) CRF increases somatostatin levels, which inhibits secretion of growth hormone.
C) ACTH release from the pituitary causes babies to not gain weight.
D) Antidiuretic hormone is involved in the stress response and can increase water retention.
Ans: B
Feedback:
Although growth hormone is initially elevated with the onset of stress, prolonged presence of cortisol leads to suppression of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and other growth factors, exerting a chronically inhibitory effect on growth. In addition, CRF directly increases somatostatin, which in turn inhibits growth hormone secretion. Although the connection is speculative, effects of stress on growth hormone may provide one of the vital links to understanding failure to thrive in children. Angiotensin II enhances CRF formation and release, contributes to the release of ACTH from the pituitary, enhances stress-induced release of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary, and stimulates release of norepinephrine from the locus ceruleus. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released from the posterior pituitary is also involved in the stress response, particularly in hypotensive stress or stress due to fluid volume loss.
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