Provide an explanation for girls' superior performance in school and the relatively poor performance of boys. What caveats should be kept in mind when considering the evidence
What will be an ideal response
Girls achieve higher grades and have higher educational aspirations. Girls are less likely to have learning disabilities, less likely to be held back a grade, and less likely to drop out. These differences are especially strong among African American adolescents. Possible Reasons: Girls enjoy the school environment more, report more positive experiences in the classroom and have more favorable relationships with teachers. o Girls are more likely to feel supported by their parents, both academically and in other realms, as well as have more supportive relationships with adults outside the family. o Boys do less homework, watch more television, and read fewer books independently.
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The focus of __________ is on the relationship between changes in behavior or thinking and changes with age in brain structure/function.
A. information-processing theories B. social learning theory C. classical conditioning D. developmental cognitive neuroscience
What is an argument against using adoption studies for assessing the relative influences of genetics and environment on child development?
a. Adoptive parents go through a rigorous screening process, decreasing their diversity. b. Because adoptive parents are under constant scrutiny, they tend to downplay the negative behaviors of their children. c. Children who are adopted are more likely to feel out of place in their adopted home and community. d. The mere knowledge of knowing they were adopted will alter the behavior of a child.
Tomas and Eric have both developed a habit of walking over to each other's offices when they want to take a break from their work. However these breaks have increasing gotten longer and louder because they enjoy talking to each other. Recently both Tomas and Eric have had to take more and more work home to finish plus getting the "evil eye" stare from the boss several times. Tomas and Eric have
decided to only see each other at lunch and after work and to not go to each other's offices unless it is required by office business. By doing this, Tomas and Eric have removed the reinforcement for "hanging out" at the office and also increased their productivity during working hours. This strategy for breaking bad habits is known as a. modeling. b. extinction. c. shaping. d. latent learning.
James Huberty, who killed 21 people at a fast-food restaurant in San Ysidro, California, felt persecuted and cheated by life. Shortly before he went to the fast-food restaurant, he announced to his wife that he was "going hunting humans.". Huberty had been hearing hallucinated voices for some time. Huberty would most likely be diagnosed with which disorder?
a. paranoid schizophrenia b. disorganized schizophrenia c. paranoid psychosis d. dissociative disorder