A male client takes ibuprofen twice a day, every day, for his arthritis. He becomes very anxious when he does not take his normal doses. This client is experiencing:
a. Physical tolerance
b. Substance dependency
c. Psychological tolerance
d. Early-stage addiction
C
Because ibuprofen is not a chemical that causes physical dependency, this client is experiencing psychological tolerance. Physical tolerance occurs when an individual's body has adjusted to living and functioning with the substance in the system; substance dependency refers to the need to take a substance to prevent withdrawal symptoms; and early stage addiction is characterized by an individual who is enjoying the effects of the substance.
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1. through the mouth 2. through the unobstructed nare 3. through the obstructed nare 4. after the edema in the nares subsides
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