A patient with Raynaud's disease presents with pallor of the fingers. The patient states that the hands turn white, then blue, then red. How should the nurse explain these symptoms to the patient?
1. "Bleeding is occurring in the interior portion of your hands.".
2. "You have inflammation of the small vessels of your hands and feet that will eventually form small clots.".
3. "These symptoms are caused by spasm of the small arteries and arterioles in your hands.".
4. "Your symptoms are associated with atherosclerosis caused by too many circulating lipids.".
3
Rationale 1: Raynaud's disease is not caused by bleeding.
Rationale 2: The pathophysiology of Raynaud's disease does not include inflammation of small vessels in the hands and feet.
Rationale 3: The symptoms of Raynaud's disease are caused by vasospasm of the small arteries and arterioles in the hands.
Rationale 4: Atherosclerosis does not cause Raynaud's disease.
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