A client recovering from surgery does not want to move out of bed because of pain. The nurse explains the long-term effects of staying in bed and the benefits of movement. The client agrees and is assisted out of bed. This is an example of:
1. autonomy.
2. nonmaleficence.
3. beneficence.
4. justice.
3
Beneficence requires that actions are of benefit to others even if the nurse must first cause harm (pain). Autonomy is self-rule that is free from controlling influence by others and from limitations such as inadequate understanding. Nonmaleficence means "do no harm." Justice requires that cases are treated in like fashion.
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