Jason has difficulty paying attention and staying on task during class. He is not a "discipline problem" in the sense that he distracts other students. Instead he simply spends his time drawing pictures in his notebook
Nevertheless, he clearly is not achieving important classroom objectives. Explain how you might use each of the following techniques to improve his classroom behavior:
a. Cueing
b. Contingency contract
c. Shaping
For each technique, be specific and concrete as to what you might do.
a. Cueing involves providing a signal that a particular behavior should stop. The response should describe giving a particular signal to Jason that he is not attending to classroom activities or his schoolwork.
b. A contingency contract involves having a teacher and student sign a written contract in which the student agrees to behave in a certain way and the teacher agrees to follow such behavior with a specified reinforcer. The response should describe Jason and his teacher developing and signing such a contract.
c. Shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations to a desired terminal behavior. The response should describe a series of steps through which Jason is reinforced for increasingly more attentive behavior.
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When are children who live with overly critical or controlling adults particularly vulnerable?
A. During the first year of life when they are developing a sense of trust. B. During years 2 and 3 when they are exercising increased autonomy. C. During elementary school when involved in real task completion. D. When they have easy temperaments. E. Just as they enter kindergarten.
Define and give an example of a performance sample
What will be an ideal response?
The chapter on socialization recommends that teachers conduct close observations of the communicative features of children's play discourse in order to
a. categorize play forms. b. make and test judgments about the effectiveness of play settings c. determine what cognitive stage a child is in d. make sure that children are using the school equipment correctly
Meaningful validation is approached by careful consideration of a test's:
A) purpose B) cost C) acceptance D) reputation