Which of the following is not one of the three principles that must be followed if delinquency prevention is to be more effectively sought?
a. Learning from the past
b. Evaluation of existing efforts
c. Greater imagination in handling juveniles
d. Spending more money to make existing programs more effective
D
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Did the handcuffing and means of detention during the execution of the warrant violate the Fourth Amendment rights of Aysha and Hanaa Unus?
Federal agents obtained search warrants in 2002 alleging that the Islamic Institute of Islamic Thought ("IIIT"), a tax-exempt organization located in Herndon, Virginia illegally laundered and funneled money to terrorists. Iqbal Unus, Ph.D., was employed by IIIT. Dr. Unus, his wife, Aysha, and their two teenage daughters, including Hanaa, aged 18, lived in a two-story, single-family residence in Herndon. The Unus's are United States citizens and none had a criminal record. On March 20, 2002, at 10:30 a.m., eleven federal agents and three uniformed police officers executed a warrant to search the Unus residence. (Warrants were executed against 14 homes and offices that day). They pounded on the front door, ordering the occupants to open it. Aysha Unus was in the living room at rear of the home and Hanaa Unus was upstairs, asleep in her bedroom. Aysha heard the pounding and a voice commanding her to open the door, and saw a gun through a side window as she inched toward the door. Frightened and confused, Aysha began screaming for Hanaa, who came downstairs. They retreated to the rear, went into the living room, and called 911. At this time, the officers broke through the front door with a battering ram and an agent entered with a firearm drawn. Hanaa reported that an agent "pointed [a gun] at me, and he was yelling at me to drop the phone and put my hands up." Agents handcuffed Aysha and Hanaa behind their backs, and placed them on a chair and sofa in the living room. During the search, Aysha and Hanaa Unus remained handcuffed in the family room for nearly four hours. They were permitted to use the restroom upon request; Aysha was allowed to self-administer her diabetes medication. Around 2:00 p.m., the women were allowed to perform afternoon prayers, in accordance with their Muslim faith, with handcuffs removed. Aysha and Hanaa were not allowed to pray outside the presence of the male agents, nor were they allowed to wear head scarves or cover their hands while the male agents were present, or while being photographed. After prayers the two women were no longer handcuffed, but remained confined to the living room for the duration of the search. Computers and documents were seized. Agents left a copy of the warrant and a written inventory of the items seized. (According to news accounts, no criminal action had been taken as of 2008). The Unus' filed a civil suit against the agents and the government. What will be an ideal response?
_______ writings are partially visible impressions appearing on a sheet of paper underneath the one on which the visible writing was done,
a. Obliterated b. Indented c. Questioned d. Charred
Juveniles do not have the right to an attorney at a hearing to decide whether the case should be transferred to juvenile court.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
In the federal court system, which body typically hears allegations of judicial misconduct?
A. the Senate Judiciary Committee B. judicial councils C. a specially formed House subcommittee D. the U.S. Supreme Court