Explain how prospective and retrospective research remedies the problems of correlational research.
What will be an ideal response?
Correlational research measures whether a change in one variable corresponds with changes in another variable. However, prospective research looks forward in time to see how a group of people change, or how a relationship between two variables changes over time. Health psychologists conduct many prospective studies in order to understand the risk factors that relate to health conditions. A particular type of prospective study is longitudinal research, in which the same people are observed at multiple points in time. Retrospective designs, on the other hand, look backward in time in an attempt to reconstruct the conditions that led to a current situation. Retrospective methods were critical in identifying the risk factors that led to the development of AIDS. Therefore, both prospective and retrospective methods prove to be useful in remedying problems faced with correlational research.
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How did people trained in the Hippocratic tradition view disease?
a. an invasion of the body by evil spirits b. given as a punishment to people by vengeful gods c. as a unitary concept d. the absence of good morals and faith
Bert claimed that the reason he didn't do well on the psychology test was because he had an important party the night before and didn't get around to studying. Bert is
a. basking in reflected glory. c. engaged in self-improvement. b. self-handicapping. d. defensively pessimistic.
The central questions addressed by the field of child development
A) are primarily of scientific interest. B) have applied, or practical, importance. C) are based exclusively on research conducted by psychologists. D) involve all changes a person experiences throughout the lifespan.
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A. Mothers' perceptions of their child's ability to succeed in math-oriented careers are a predictor of theircollege-age child's career choice. B. In today's world, men and women have the same expectations about their ability to succeed at various career-related skills. C. Women with a strong sense of their goals, awareness of personal needs, and an ability to cope effectivelywith stress are more likely to adopt a traditional career choice. D. Mothers' perceptions of their child's ability to write effectively is a predictor of their adult child's careersuccess.