Briefly explain empirical criterion keying, the method of test construction used by the authors of the MMPI.
What will be an ideal response?
Identify distinct groups of people, asking all of them to respond to the same objective test items, and comparing responses between groups. If an item elicits different responses from one group than from another, the item should be retained. If the groups respond similarly to an item, the item should be omitted. It does not matter whether an item should, in theory, differentiate the two groups; it only matters whether an item does, in actuality, differentiate the two groups.
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Psychosocial "clubs" or "clubhouses" for patients with schizophrenia have been formed as a part of some rehabilitation programs. Research indicates that participation in these clubs may help prevent relapses. However, it is difficult to interpret the improvement in these patients because a. some patients are on medication and some aren't
b. only the most psychotic patients participate. c. patients who participate may be significantly different from those who don't. d. a significant number of patients drop out before completing the program.
With their notion of psychophysical isomorphism, the Gestaltists opposed the:
a. law of Prägnanz b. principle of inclusiveness c. constancy hypothesis d. principle of similarity
According to the behavior therapists, the best way to cure Ken's fear of snakes is to
a. try systematic desensitization. b. hold a nonpoisonous snake up to his face. c. use aversion therapy. d. find out the cause of his fear.
The instinct theory and reward/pleasure center notion both emphasize ____ in motivation
a. incentive c. drive b. need d. internal factors