What type of ventilator increases transpulmonary pressure (PL) by mimicking the normal mecha-nism for inspiration?
a. Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV)
b. Negative-pressure ventilation (NPV)
c. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV)
d. High frequency positive-pressure ventila-tion (HFPPV)
ANS: D
Negative-pressure ventilation (NPV) attempts to mimic the function of the respiratory muscles to allow breathing through normal physiological mechanisms. Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) pushes air into the lungs by increasing the alveolar pressure. High frequency oscillatory ventila-tion (HFOV) delivers very small volumes at very high rates in a "to-and-fro" motion by pushing the gas in and pulling it out during exhalation. High frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV) pushes in small volumes at high respiratory rates.
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