Which of the following does Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning involve?
a. Substituting one stimulus for another
b. Elimination of conditioned responses
c. Respondent behavior that is unlearned
d. All of these are correct.
ANS: A
FEEDBACK: At a higher level to reflexive behavior is respondent behavior that is learned. This learning, called conditioning, involves the substitution of one stimulus for another. The concept originated in the work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov in the early 1900s. In his experiment, a dog had been conditioned, or trained, to respond to a bell. The dog's response shifted from the food to the bell, which previously had been a neutral stimulus.
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