Immediate intervention is needed when the newborn exhibits
a. A soft, protuberant abdomen.
b. Molding.
c. Lack of reflexes.
d. Cyanotic hands and feet.
C
Normal reflexes include blinking in response to bright lights, startling in response to sudden loud noises, and sucking, rooting, grasping, yawning, coughing, sneezing, and hiccoughing. Assessment of these reflexes is vital because the newborn depends largely on reflexes for survival and in response to its environment. Normal physical characteristics include the continued presence of lanugo on the skin of the back; cyanosis of the hands and feet for the first 24 hours; and a soft, protuberant abdomen. Molding, or overlapping of the soft skull bones, allows the fetal head to adjust to various diameters of the maternal pelvis and is a common occurrence with vaginal births.
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