Which of the following is NOT true concerning the
cytokines? In vertebrates they
a. control many aspects of immunity.
b. lyse pathogenic cells.
c. serve in cell-to-cell communication.
d. include the interleukins and interferons.
e. include tumor necrosis factors.
Answer: b
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The expected outcome of an oxidase test performed to identify Neisseria menigitidis is
A. a color change of a colony from tan to black when oxidase reagent is added. B. the amplification of the oxi gene as detected on an agarose gel. C. cells colored black when stained and viewed under the microscope. D. a zone of clearing surrounding colonies on chocolate agar. E. the appearance of bubbles when cells are mixed with hydrogen peroxide.
All infectious agents including viruses:
A. are made of cellular structures B. none of the above are true of all infectious agents C. have cell wall made of murein D. are made of the same four major polymers E. have cell membrane
Which hormone is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics?
A. Testosterone B. Estrogen only C. Progesterone only D. Estrogen and progesterone E. Human chorionic gonadotropin
A phosphatase is capable of dephosphorylating molecules. What would this enzyme do in a signal transduction pathway that used a kinase cascade?
A. Serve as a ligand for the receptor. B. Activate the cascade. C. Turn off the cascade. D. Phosphorylate a receptor. E. Phosphorylate a transcription factor.