A patient follows all the instructions a nurse provides because the patient wants to be perceived as a "good" patient. How should the nurse interpret this information according to moral development?
a. The patient is in postformal thought reasoning.
b. The patient is in postconventional reasoning.
c. The patient is in preconventional reasoning.
d. The patient is in conventional reasoning.
ANS: D
The patient is in conventional reasoning, specifically stage 3: Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation. The patient wants to win approval from the nurse by "being good." Developmentalists proposed a fifth stage of cognitive (not moral) development termed postformal thought. Within this stage, adults demonstrate the ability to recognize that answers vary from situation to situation and that solutions need to be sensible. The person finds a balance between basic human rights and obligations and societal rules and regulations in the level of postconventional reasoning. Individuals move away from moral decisions based on authority or conformity to groups to define their own moral values and principles. Preconventional reasoning is the premoral level, in which there is limited cognitive thinking and the individual's thinking is primarily egocentric. At this stage, thinking is mostly based on likes and pleasures.
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