What is one limitation of objective criteria, as mentioned in the textbook?
A. They are strongly affected by rater attitudes, such as favoritism.
B. They can be limited by situational constraints; for example, a jammed machine.
C. They tend to be unrelated to subjective measures of performance.
D. They can record only contextual performance.
Answer: B. They can be limited by situational constraints; for example, a jammed machine.
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The view of gender differences that emphasizes the role of socially agreed-upon norms for particular types of interaction is called the perspective
a. constructivist b. psychoanalytic c. individual differences d. cognitive developmental
Psychologists should only study observable, measurable behavior, according to ________
a. Watson b. Kohler c. Freud d. Titchener
According to Freud, early experiences of gaining pleasure from releasing the bowels can result in a(n) __________ personality.
A. Oedipal B. anal-retentive C. Electra D. anal-expulsive
According to your text, which of the following statements regarding punishment is true?
a. Punishment encourages the individual to be more attentive in most learning situations. b. Punishment may generate anger and hostility rather than constructive learning. c. Punishment eliminates undesirable behavior rather than suppressing it. d. Punishment reinforces the individual's ability to understand and willingness to engage in appropriate behavior.